Economics

What is the proper role of government in our economy? Why do we have a business cycle? Is it really a consequence of freedom and free markets that a business cycle is created or is it the result of government intervention? Should the market decide instead of the government who the winners and losers will be in our economy? This blog attempts to review the relevant financial stories and facts that impact the American economy.

Tuesday, July 29, 2008

Climate Change Fraud

This is really a good website for climate change fraud:

http://www.climatechangefraud.com/

What are your thoughts?

Monday, July 28, 2008

White House Project Budget Deficits for 2009

Who is to blame for the government's financial mismanagement?

http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/07/28/2009.deficit/index.html

Ron Paul and The Housing Rescue Bill

There's more to the bailout bill than you think:

http://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2008/07/ron-paul-housing-rescue-bill-has.html

Lovable, Moronic Capitalists

The following is a good article from Bill Bonner at Daily Reckoning. He makes a good point about this new generation of bankers and businessmen. There's no doubt that there will be a wild financial ride in the near future for America:

http://www.dailyreckoning.com/


The first economists – the two Adams, Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson – called themselves “moral philosophers.” They were studying the human economy as though it were an anthill -- to see how it worked. They figured it must follow rules – just like all other things under Heaven – and tended to see mistakes people made, such as spending too much money, as moral failings.
Modern economists are more like auto mechanics. They think they can control the economy with a screwdriver. And to some extent they’re right. Which is why the world economy is in such a mess; they turned the wrong screws. But it’s why we moral philosophers are having such a good time; finally, we get to laugh and say “I told you so.”

In the news last week was word that the Argentines are taking back their national airline – Aerolineas Argentinas. Back in the heyday of privatization – led by economists from the University of Chicago – they sold it to a Spanish group. But now the Iberians can’t seem to make a go of it – not with oil over $130 a barrel – so the Argentines are re-nationalizing it.
What is the likelihood that the heirs to Juan Peron will do a better job of running an airline than a private company? You might put the same basic question to Gordon Brown. What are the odds the Labor Party will run Northern Rock better than private owners? And in the United States of America – almost 30 years after the Reagan Revolution – the federal government is effectively nationalizing the biggest and most important financial institutions in the world, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Between the two of them, Fannie and Freddie hold almost half the entire nation’s mortgages – equal to about a third of the US GDP. It probably won’t be too long before General Motors is nationalized too. Someone is going to have to pay GM’s pension bill. Even if the company isn’t nationalized, its health and pension obligations probably will be. But can America’s Republicans and Democrats do a better job of running a mortgage company or an auto company than card-carrying capitalists?

On the evidence, maybe so.

Milton Friedman warned that if you put government in charge of the Sahara there would soon be a shortage of sand. But the heirs to Friedman have some explaining to do. The smartest of them have crashed airlines, busted banks and wrecked builders. They’ve ruined businesses so simple that even a half-wit could have made a profit. Fannie and Freddie couldn’t win at their business, even though the deck was stacked in their favor from the very beginning. And the Friedmanites’ beloved markets -- which are supposed to “look ahead” and anticipate trouble before it happens -- must have shut their eyes years ago. They walked out into the blazing desert without a map or a hat; no wonder they’ve been acting strange.

To many of the world’s politicians and opinion mongers, the evidence of the last 12 months has proved what they always suspected – that capitalists are greedy s.o.b.s. But we would have spotted them that...and readily conceded that they are often morons too. Still, a system in which people get what they’ve got coming is infinitely better than a system in which people take only what government gives them. That’s the essential difference between capitalism and socialism: one yields to Armani-clothed fraud; the other to cheap-suit force. Both have their moral failings. But one is wicked; the other is merely dumb.

Want to know who caused Aerolineas Argentina’s bumpy ride...and who’s responsible for bringing down Fannie and Freddie? Follow the money. Before 1971, in the Bretton Woods monetary era, major economies used the dollar as a reference of value. The greenback was a North Star – helping businessmen and investors find their way. The U.S. dollar was reliable because it was tied to gold, which the U.S. Treasury promised to deliver to any country at a rate fixed at $42 an ounce. Then, on August 15, 1971, the U.S. Treasury reneged. Egged on by modern economists, the last link with gold was cut. Governments, investors and businessmen could still look to the dollar as a point of reference, but good luck to them. This disgraceful mischief caused even the stars to wobble.

Since then, the U.S. government could print almost as many dollars as it wanted. Arguably, it printed too many. For something – perhaps it was too much cash and credit in circulation – led American homeowners to think house prices would rise forever. They over borrowed, homebuilders overbuilt, and Fannie and Freddie – even with all their Ph.D. economists on the payroll – over-lent. And something – maybe it was the same thing – caused the price of oil to rocket upwards 400% in the last five years. The airlines hadn’t seen that coming either. So, the big lenders and the high fliers are in trouble.

Those are only two of a long list of today’s troubles that can be traced...directly or indirectly...to the world’s monetary system of the last 37 years. Businessmen, consumers and investors respond to financial signals. If interest rates are set too low, they tend to borrow too much. If the money supply expands too rapidly, they expand too rapidly too. To make a long story short, a bubbly supply of cash and credit led to bubbly markets. The U.S. and major foreign stocks market bubbled up to all-time highs in January 2000; then they headed down. In inflation adjusted terms, most never recovered. Then, in 2003, it was housing’s turn...followed by emerging markets...and lately, oil and commodities.

Sure, the capitalists are greedy. And sure, many of them make mistakes. But with feds rearranging the heavens, it’s a wonder they didn’t wash up more often.

Enjoy your weekend,

Bill Bonner
The Daily Reckoning

Monday, July 21, 2008

Ron Paul Lectures Bernanke: U.S. Moving Towards Fascism

Do you think that Ron Paul is right? Is America becoming fascist?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jbi-0Tg1b_g

Socialism Versus Free Markets

Here's a good debate of socialism versus free markets:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2kTy7glZ9s

Is Greed Bad?

Where are the masses worse off-with free enterprise or without free enterprise? Where do you find angels that will organize society for us if we don't operate on the principles of freedom and free enterprise. Milton Friedman explains it very clearly in this video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWsx1X8PV_A

Thursday, July 17, 2008

Regulators raid Wachovia Securities

Investigators look for documents revealing the company's sales practices.

http://money.cnn.com/2008/07/17/news/companies/wachovia_raid.ap/index.htm?cnn=yes

Jim Rogers on US Economy FED Ron Paul

Jim makes it clear that the Fed is trying to debase the currency:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=airxvVmGnqc&feature=related

The US Economy is Unsustainable

Most elected officials won't even talk about it:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6Q14HOBThM&feature=related

The Shocking Truth about Inflation

Government says rate is low, so why do food and energy cost so much?

http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=61663

Ron Paul Questions Ben Bernanke On U.S. Economy

Ron Paul is a completely right and Ben refuses to listen because he is the problem:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRTOvbrmlQk&NR=1

The Declining Value of Your College Degree

This article is completely misleading. The authors place blame on employers for being picky and looking for more specialized skills. The author tries to say that it's not because there's a lack of economic growth! That's crazy! Read for yourself about how deceptive this argument is in the following article:

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121623686919059307.html?mod=yhoofront

Ron Paul on the Economic Collapse!

The Congress created the problem and they can stop it. The Federal Reserve manipulates the currency for political gain:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCt2yRqlCcQ

Thursday, July 10, 2008

The US is Broke.

Good explanation about the nature of our economic system:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nfsl9sp8vek&feature=related

Michael Badnarik on the Federal Reserve System

This is awesome! The real deal about the Federal Reserve:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpOhWvOoraw&feature=related

Fed chief: Empower financial regulators

By JEANNINE AVERSA, AP Economics Writer
WASHINGTON - Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson told Congress Thursday that new regulatory powers are needed to insulate the national economy from damage if a big Wall Street firm collapses.

Their recommendations were part of a broader debate before the House Financial Services Committee about the best ways to revamp the country's antiquated regulatory system. The idea is to brace the system to better respond to modern-day crises like the housing and credit debacles that have badly bruised the economy.
Both Bernanke and Paulson endorsed creating new procedures by which the government can guide an orderly liquidation of a failing investment bank in an effort to minimize any fallout that might be inflicted on the broader financial system and the overall economy. Such procedures, which are in place for commercial banks, might have made the dissolution of investment firm Bear Stearns more orderly.
"In light of the Bear Stearns episode, Congress may wish to consider whether new tools are needed for ensuring an orderly liquidation of a systemically important securities firm that is on the verge of bankruptcy, together with a more formal process for deciding when to use those tools," Bernanke said.
Paulson, who recently laid out such a proposal, said: "It is clear that some institutions, if they fail, can have a systemic impact." However, financial players need to be disciplined in managing risk and not expect the government to fly to their rescue, he added. "For market discipline to effectively constrain risk, financial institutions must be allowed to fail," he said.
The Fed's financial backing of JPMorgan Chase's takeover of the troubled Bear Stearns has drawn criticism from Democrats, who call it a government bailout that could put billions of taxpayer dollars at risk. Both Democrats and Republicans lawmakers said changes need to be made to protect taxpayers in the future should another big firm get into trouble.
Rep. Spencer Bachus, R-Ala., said a "shock absorber" is needed to make sure that "taxpayers are not holding the bag. ... This is a tall order."
The committee's chairman, Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., suggested it was more important for Congress to "do it right" rather than acting quickly on substantial legislative changes. Bernanke and Paulson agreed with that assessment. "Realistically it is going to be difficult to get things done this year," Paulson acknowledged.
The Treasury chief also sought Thursday to calm investor jitters about the financial health of mortgage giants, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They are "working through this challenging period," Paulson told Congress. "Their regulator has made clear that they are adequately capitalized."
Shares of Fannie and Freddie sank further Thursday amid concerns that shareholders could be wiped out if the government is forced to rescue the two companies.
Of the broader financial system, Paulson said: "Right now we're going through a period of unusual turmoil" and the government's focus needs to be on stabilizing the situation. Bernanke echoed that sentiment.
Asked about the weakened value of the U.S. dollar, which has boosted exports but contributed to high oil prices, Paulson said: "We want a strong dollar. A strong dollar is in our nation's interest. ... We're going through a tough period right now."
Bernanke in recent days has called for stronger oversight of big Wall Street firms, which are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Those firms have been given unprecedented — albeit temporary — access to tap the Fed for emergency loans, a privilege that has been granted for years to commercial banks, which are more tightly regulated.
With credit problems persisting, the Fed may extend the lending privilege to investment banks into next year, Bernanke has said.
The Fed chief called on Congress to consider giving the central bank explicit authority to oversee systems that process payments and other financial transactions by investment firms as well as banks.
And, he recommended that Congress give a regulator the authority to set standards for capital, liquidity holdings and risk management practices for the holding companies of the major investment banks. Currently, the Securities and Exchange Commission's oversight of these holding companies is based on a voluntary agreement between the SEC and those firms.
The Fed and the SEC announced an information-sharing agreement on Monday aimed at better detecting potential risks to the financial system. With the Fed lending money to Wall Street firms, it needs to have a firm grasp of their financial shape.
Paulson has put forward an ambitious overhaul that would turn the Fed into a super cop in charge of financial market stability. But the plan would remove the Fed from day-to-day banking supervision, which Bernanke opposes.

America: From Freedom to Fascism

What are your thoughts on this controversial film?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ueEfRXZCVA

Why Oil Prices Are So High

How to explain the oil price? Why is it so high? Are we running out? Are supplies disrupted, or is the high price a reflection of oil company greed or OPEC greed. Are Chavez and the Saudis conspiring against us?

In my opinion, the two biggest factors in oil's high price are the weakness in the US dollar's exchange value and the liquidity that the Federal Reserve is pumping out.

The dollar is weak because of large trade and budget deficits, the closing of which is beyond American political will. As abuse wears out the US dollar's reserve currency role, sellers demand more dollars as a hedge against its declining exchange value and ultimate loss of reserve currency status.

In an effort to forestall a serious recession and further crises in derivative instruments, the Federal Reserve is pouring out liquidity that is financing speculation in oil futures contracts. Hedge funds and investment banks are restoring their impaired capital structures with profits made by speculating in highly leveraged oil future contracts, just as real estate speculators flipping contracts pushed up home prices. The oil futures bubble, too, will pop, hopefully before new derivatives are created on the basis of high oil prices.

There are other factors affecting the price of oil. The prospect of an Israeli/US attack on Iran has increased current demand in order to build stocks against disruption. No one knows the consequence of such an ill-conceived act of aggression, and the uncertainty pushes up the price of oil as the entire Middle East could be engulfed in conflagration. However, storage facilities are limited, and the impact on price of larger inventories has a limit.

Saudi Oil Minister Ali al-Naimi recently stated, "There is no justification for the current rise in prices." What the minister means is that there are no shortages or supply disruptions. He means no real reasons as distinct from speculative or psychological reasons.

The run up in oil price coincides with a period of heightened US and Israeli military aggression in the Middle East. However, the biggest jump has been in the last 18 months.

When Bush invaded Iraq in 2003, the average price of oil that year was about $27 per barrel, or about $31 in inflation adjusted 2007 dollars. The price rose another $10 in 2004 to an average annual price of $42 (in 2007 dollars), another $12 in 2005, $7 in 2006, and $4 in 2007 to $65. But in the last few months the price has more than doubled to about $135. It is difficult to explain a $70 jump in price in terms other than speculation.

Oil prices have been high in the past. Until 2008, the record monthly oil price was $104 in December 1979 (measured in December 2007 dollars). As recently as 1998 the real price of oil was lower than in 1946 when the nominal price of oil was $1.63 per barrel. During the Bush regime, the price of oil in 2007 dollars has risen from $27 to approximately $135.

Possibly, the rise in the oil price was held down, prior to the recent jump, by expectations that Democrats would eventually end the conflict and restrain Israel in the interest of Middle East peace and justice for the Palestinians.

Now that Obama has pledged allegiance to AIPAC and adopted Bush's position toward Iran, the high oil price could be a forecast that US/Israeli policy is likely to result in substantial supply disruptions. Still, the recent Israeli statements that an attack on Iran was "inevitable" only jumped the oil price about $8.

Perhaps more difficult to understand than the high price of oil are the low US long-term interest rates. US interest rates are actually below the rate of inflation, to say nothing of the imperiled exchange value of the dollar. Economists who assume rational participants in rational markets cannot explain why lenders would indefinitely accept interest rates below the rate of inflation.

Of course, Americans don't get real inflation numbers from their government and have not since the Consumer Price Index was rigged during the Clinton administration to hold down Social Security payments by denying retirees their full cost of living adjustments. According to statistician John Williams, using the pre-Clinton era measure of the CPI produces a current CPI of about 7.5%.

Understating inflation makes real GDP growth appear higher. If inflation were properly measured, the US has probably experienced no real GDP growth in the 21st century.

Williams reports that for decades political administrations have fiddled with the inflation and employment numbers to make themselves look slightly better. The cumulative effect has been to deprive these measurements of veracity. If I understand Williams, today both inflation and unemployment rates, as originally measured, are around 12 per cent.

By pumping out money in an effort to forestall recession and paper over balance sheet problems, the Federal Reserve is driving up commodity and food prices in general. Yet American real incomes are not growing. Even without jobs offshoring, US economic policy has put the bulk of the population on a path to lower living standards.

The crisis that looms for the US is the loss of world currency role. Once the dollar loses that role, the US government will not be able to finance its operations by borrowing abroad, and foreigners will cease to finance the massive US trade deficit. This crisis will eliminate the US as a world power.

By Paul Craig Roberts

Wednesday, July 9, 2008

Casualties of Financial Friendly Fire

The war continues. The unstoppable forces of inflation continue to smash into the immoveable lines of deflation. Caught between the two is the U.S. consumer...the American voter...and the lumpeninvestoriat.Yes, dear reader, we are getting shot to pieces from both directions. Prices are rising. And prices are falling. Mr. Market marks down prices for housing and stocks. Mr. Federal Reserve System pushes up prices for oil and food.Yesterday brought more hits, more near misses, and more casualties from “friendly fire.” But the big story was that after so many weeks of reporting huge gains by inflation, deflation is back in the news with a major counteroffensive. It had begun to look as though inflation was the clear victor. Prices are rising everywhere; everyone came to believe inflation was unbeatable. Analysts had begun talking about oil at $170...even $200.But yesterday, while the Dow rose 152 points – a weak bounce after a long streak of losses – both oil and gold fell. Gold dropped back $5, to $923. Oil lost $5 too – slipping down to $135. Commodities, generally, may be in retreat. More bad news comes from the housing sector too. Yesterday, it was reported that previously owned house sales fell 4.7% in May...more than expected. They’re down 14% from the year before. Also in the housing news was a report that repossessions are up 100% over 2007, while mortgage payment delinquencies are at a record level. Foreclosure filings are running 48% ahead of last year.With so much deflation in the housing sector, economists are just waiting for more of it to show up in the retail sales...and then spread to the rest of the economy. With no house price gains to spend, consumers will have to cut back. When they do, retail sales will fall...and so will the demand for goods and services all up and down the line. So far, we’ve seen a big drop in demand for automobiles – especially SUVs. GM shares are down 75%. We’ve seen a drop in driving too. And unemployment numbers are increasing. But, so far, no big drop in spending. Of course, part of the reason for that is simply that prices have risen so high, consumers need to keep spending every penny – even though they are getting less for their money. But soon, we should see a significant drop in sales, followed by a further drop in economic growth.Last week, we saw a report telling us that vacancies in retail space were increasing. The United States has ten times more retail space per person than France. When people spend less, much of this space will cease to be commercially viable. Soon, abandoned shopping malls will follow abandoned houses. “Suburban office space losing occupancy and value,” too, adds the Chicago Tribune .What this represents to Wall Street is a big drop in the value of its collateral...and its clients’ ability to service their loans. First, the borrowers can’t make the payments. Then, the lenders realize that their collateral is worthless. We’ve seen big hits taken in the subprime mortgage market. But what about other parts of the mortgage market? And what about credit card lending? Student loans? Commercial loans? In England, Bradford and Bingley, a big mortgage lender, got whacked yesterday. Its shares fell 18%, to less than $1. And a leading London stockbroker put out a target price for them of “zero.”U.K. mortgage lending is down 44% from last year. “London house price forecast deepens gloom,” reports the Financial Times . Back in America, the Fed says it will extend its PDCF program into next year. The program is simple to understand. It allows Wall Street to borrow from the Fed at 2.25% – or about half the level of consumer price inflation. It should be easy to make money. You just borrow at 2.25% and lend at...say, 5%. The borrower would be paying a real interest rate of only 1% or less. And the lender would be earning 2.75% on someone else’s money. What could go wrong?What could go wrong is what is already going wrong. Lenders put out too much money to too many people who can’t pay it back. Now they’re reluctant to lend to anyone. And who’s eager to borrow? Who wants to build more retail space? Who’s building more houses? Who’s setting up a new auto plant in the U.S.A.? Who’s expanding production of any sort?*** In a credit crunch, lending, spending, and borrowing all contract. The Japanese found that lending money even at a zero percent interest rate didn’t revive the ‘animal spirits’ of a booming economy. Deflation wins, in other words.But that doesn’t stop central bankers and central governments from trying. In this space yesterday, we reported a guess from Bridgewater Associates that the credit crunch could take $12 trillion of credit out of the economy. The authorities will try to make up this amount with a combination of fiscal and monetary policy. But you see, the amount is too great. And it doesn’t include the natural tendency of people in hard times – to draw back and save. If Americans suddenly started turning Japanese, and began to save money like the Japanese, it would take another $1 trillion out of the consumer economy every year. So the U.S. economy is probably in for some rough handling. But we keep pointing out that the United States is not Japan; it’s not as healthy. And the world economy has changed in a fundamental way in the last 20 years.When the Japanese tried to stimulate their economy with zero interest rate loans, the money often ended up in speculative bets on the US stock market in the ‘90s...or new factories in China. Now, when the feds try to stimulate the US economy, the speculators turn to oil and commodities. Prices rise, forcing Americans to pay more for imports...and driving up consumer inflation rates all over the globe. Result: inflation wins too.And so, the poor American takes it from both sides. He gets smacked by inflation...and booted by deflation as well.*** We filled up the car yesterday. The price of diesel fuel was 1.57 euros per liter. That works out to almost $10 a gallon. Curiously, the rising price of oil has done less damage in Europe than in America. Partly because people were already used to high fuel prices, partly because Europeans use less energy, partly because the euro has gone up against the dollar (making oil less expensive in euro terms) and partly because, since fuel is so heavily taxed, the increase caused by rising prices of the raw material is less as a percentage of the whole.Europe was designed before the machine age. Its dense, old cities – a few still surrounded by stone walls – were meant to protect people from Goths. Vikings, Huns – and the English. Now, those cities protect people from rising energy prices. People can walk to local shops. They take buses, metros and tramways to work. They live in houses with thick walls...shutters...and often double glazed windows. *** Ron Paul explains how we got into this mess:“There were several stages. From the inception of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 to 1933, the Central Bank established itself as the official dollar manager. By 1933, Americans could no longer own gold, thus removing restraint on the Federal Reserve to inflate for war and welfare. “By 1945, further restraints were removed by creating the Bretton-Woods Monetary System making the dollar the reserve currency of the world. This system lasted up until 1971. During the period between 1945 and 1971, some restraints on the Fed remained in place. Foreigners, but not Americans, could convert dollars to gold at $35 an ounce. Due to the excessive dollars being created, that system came to an end in 1971. “It’s the post Bretton-Woods system that was responsible for globalizing inflation and markets and for generating a gigantic worldwide dollar bubble. That bubble is now bursting, and we’re seeing what it’s like to suffer the consequences of the many previous economic errors. “Ironically in these past 35 years, we have benefited from this very flawed system. Because the world accepted dollars as if they were gold, we only had to counterfeit more dollars, spend them overseas (indirectly encouraging our jobs to go overseas as well) and enjoy unearned prosperity. Those who took our dollars and gave us goods and services were only too anxious to loan those dollars back to us. This allowed us to export our inflation and delay the consequences we now are starting to see. “But it was never destined to last, and now we have to pay the piper. Our huge foreign debt must be paid or liquidated. Our entitlements are coming due just as the world has become more reluctant to hold dollars. The consequence of that decision is price inflation in this country – and that’s what we are witnessing today. Already price inflation overseas is even higher than here at home as a consequence of foreign central bank’s willingness to monetize our debt. “Printing dollars over long periods of time may not immediately push prices up – yet in time it always does. Now we’re seeing catch-up for past inflating of the monetary supply. As bad as it is today with $4 a gallon gasoline, this is just the beginning. It’s a gross distraction to hound away at ‘drill, drill, drill’ as a solution to the dollar crisis and high gasoline prices. It’s okay to let the market increase supplies and drill, but that issue is a gross distraction from the sins of deficits and Federal Reserve monetary shenanigans. “This bubble is different and bigger for another reason. The central banks of the world secretly collude to centrally plan the world economy. I’m convinced that agreements among central banks to ‘monetize’ U.S. debt these past 15 years have existed, although secretly and out of the reach of any oversight of anyone – especially the U.S. Congress that doesn’t care, or just flat doesn’t understand. As this ‘gift’ to us comes to an end, our problems worsen. The central banks and the various governments are very powerful, but eventually the markets overwhelm when the people who get stuck holding the bag (of bad dollars) catch on and spend the dollars into the economy with emotional zeal, thus igniting inflationary fever. “This time – since there are so many dollars and so many countries involved – the Fed has been able to ‘paper’ over every approaching crisis for the past 15 years, especially with Alan Greenspan as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, which has allowed the bubble to become history’s greatest. “The mistakes made with excessive credit at artificially low rates are huge, and the market is demanding a correction. This involves excessive debt, misdirected investments, over-investments, and all the other problems caused by the government when spending the money they should never have had. Foreign militarism, welfare handouts and $80 trillion entitlement promises are all coming to an end. We don’t have the money or the wealth-creating capacity to catch up and care for all the needs that now exist because we rejected the market economy, sound money, self reliance and the principles of liberty.”
Until tomorrow, Bill Bonner

Tuesday, July 8, 2008

Financial Market Losses

Geneva - The global financial crisis could lead to losses of 1,600 billion dollars for financial institutes, according a report in the Swiss Sunday newspaper SonntagsZeitung. It quoted a confidential study by the hedge fund Bridgewater Associates as saying losses for banks holding risky assets could be four times greater than the 400 billion dollars previously estimated.